<p>The Boon Brick Store is a historic building in Salem, Oregon, United States. It was built as a general store by John D. Boon who became the first Oregon State Treasurer. It also once served as Oregons first State Treasury. It is now a brewpub owned by the McMenamins chain known as Boons Treasury. Before being bought by McMenamins, it was known as Karr&#39;s Tavern.</p><br>
<p>The two-story Italianate-style brick structure was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. John D. Boon House at Mission Mill Museum was formerly located next to the store.</p><br>
<p>A local legend states that as a teenager, President Herbert Hoover carved his initials into the outside of the building during his three-year stay with relatives in Salem. At the time the building was William Lincoln Wade&#39;s grocery store.</p><br>
<p>The Converse House and Barn are a historic residential property at 185 Washington Street in Norwich, Connecticut. Built about 1870 for a local businessman and philanthropist, it is a prominent local example of High Victorian Gothic architecture. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970, and is included in the Chelsea Parade Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Converse House is located a short way south of Norwich&#39;s triangular Chelsea Parade park, on the east side of Washington Street opposite Norton Court. The house is a -story wood-frame Gothic Revival structure, with asymmetrical massing, vertical board siding, and a polychrome exterior. The front facade is dominated by a hip-roofed tower on the right, in front of which is a distinctive seven-sided porch. Front-facing windows are set in peaked-gable openings, and there is decorative woodwork attached to the steep Gothic roof gables. The interior features fine oak flooring, walnut paneling in the dining room, and a fireplace surround with Dutch landscape in tile. The barn appears to be of similar age to the house, which was built c. 1870.</p><br>
<p>The house was built about 1870, and is a prominent local example of the High Victorian Gothic style. It was the home of Colonel Charles A. Converse, a local businessman and philanthropist. The main change to the house has been a slight enlargement of the kitchen, so that it could be modernized. Converse is best known locally for donating the Converse Art Gallery to the Norwich Free Academy.</p><br>
<p>The Hayward House is a historic house at 9 Hayward Avenue in Colchester, Connecticut. Built in 1775 and embellished in the late 19th century, it is a well-preserved 18th-century house, which has seen a number of locally prominent residents, as well as the nationally known inventor Nathaniel Hayward, who developed the process of vulcanizing rubber. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Hayward House is located on the north side of Colchester&#39;s central village green, on the north side of Hayward Avenue. It is a three-story wood-frame structure, with a gambrel roof, a large central chimney, and a single-story porch extending across the front. The roof is pierced by three gabled dormers. The main facade is five bays wide, with a center entrance framed by pilasters and a corniced entablature. A series of ells extend to the rear. On the left side a single-story polygonal bay projects, and a single-story screened porch extends across the right. During the late 19th-century, a Victorian porch was built across the front; this has since been removed.</p><br>
<p>The house was built about 1775, by Abel Amos, a local builder, for Dudley Wright. At the time of its construction, it was one of largest and most elegant homes in the village. Wright operated a tavern on the premises, and also hosted meetings of the local Masonic lodge, which were held in a large ballroom that extends across the rear of the second floor. Dudley Wright&#39;s daughter married Doctor John Watrous, a figure locally prominent not just as a physician, but also for his civic involvement and philanthropy. In 1842, the house was purchased by the 19th-century inventor Nathaniel Hayward, the founder and principal owner of the Hayward Rubber Company.</p><br>
<p>The Aynesworth–Wright House is a historic Austin, Texas, house, built in 1852 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is now located at Pioneer Farms, 10621 Pioneer Farms Drive.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Texas Historical Commission plaque reads: Isaiah Hezekiah Aynesworth (b. 1797) a Baptist preacher and cabinet maker, constructed this Greek revival residence about 1852. Originally located at 4507 East Avenue, it was a two-room house with an enclosed dog-run hallway. Additional rooms were later attached to the back porch. Dr. Joseph Wright (1798-1898) purchased the property from Aynesworth in 1855. A physician and surveyor, Wright practiced medicine in a log building near his home. The house was moved to this location and restored by Franklin Savings Association.</p><br>
<p>The Forster Hotel, built in 1870 and expanded in 1913, is a property on the National Register of Historic Places in Mendon, Utah, United States. It was listed on the National Register in 2008 for its historical and architectural qualities.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The hotel is 40x19 ft in plan, with its stone section&#39;s walls 16 in thick, built of random rubble masonry, and with ashlar quoins at the corners.</p><br>
<p>Relating to its history, the 2008 NRHP nomination states that "the building is associated with the early settlement of Mendon and was built by Ralph Forster, one of the first permanent settlers in the Cache Valley. Ralph Forster and his wife, Margaret McCulloch, made the stone house their home, hut also used it as one of two early hotels in the settlements, which is its primary significance. Ralph and Margaret&#39;s children expanded the hotel in 1913. For over forty-five years, the Forster Hotel served the community providing accommodations for railroad workers, traveling salesmen, theatrical companies, and weekend visitors to the Mendon horse races. Although it has been a single-family residence since the 1940s, the house is still known as the Forster Hotel by current Mendon residents. It is a local landmark and one of the largest extant historic buildings in the community."</p><br>
<p>Relating to its architecture, the 2008 NRHP nomination states the building is significant "as a unique example of an early Mendon traditional stone house expanded using the bungalow-craftsman style into a substantial full-service hotel. Both the original stone building and the expansion, as built by Logan contractors Wesley and Nelson, display a high degree of craftsmanship. Although somewhat modified on the rear elevation in 2002, the Forster Hotel retains much of its historic integrity and is a contributing resource in Mendon, Utah."</p><br>
<p>The Morton Memorial Library is an historic structure along Kelly Street in the hamlet of Rhinecliff, New York, just east of the Hudson River.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Anna L. and Levi P. Morton of the nearby Ellerslie estate, erected the Morton Memorial Library in Rhinecliff in memory of their daughter Lena. It was dedicated as a library in 1908.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The building, constructed in 1905, occupies most of its small village lot less than 1 acre in size. It is situated on a slight knoll facing west. The library is a one-story brick civic building designed in the Colonial Revival style. Throughout its interior, restrained oak woodwork is preserved in a variety of features including wainscoting, trim around windows and doors, and mantelpieces. It is considered an historically significant example of public architecture in Rhinecliff. In the early nineteenth century, it served as a center for education and culture within the area. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 9, 1987.</p><br>
<p>The Rutherford County Courthouse in Murfreesboro, Tennessee, is a Classical Revival building from 1859. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. It is one of six remaining antebellum county courthouses in Tennessee</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>In 1813 a courthouse, jail and other buildings were built on the site occupied by the current building. The courthouse served as the seat of the state legislature until 1822 when the structure burned down. After the courthouse burnt down in 1822, the state legislature meetings were held at the local Presbyterian Church until the capitol was moved to Nashville in 1826. The population of Murfreesboro greatly declined following this, and the county would use the church as their courthouse until 1859.</p><br>
<h2>Civil War</h2><br>
<p>A new, larger, courthouse was built in 1859 at a cost of $50,000. The original cupola was designed to reflect the Tennessee State Capitol building in Nashville. In 1860 a new bell and clock tower was constructed. During the Civil War the Courthouse was occupied by both Confederate and Union troops. Confederate troops, under the command of Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest, occupied the area from July 1862 until the end of the Battle of Stones River in early 1863. The Courthouse then served as a headquarters for the Union army until the end of the war.</p><br>
<h2>Modern history</h2><br>
<p>The Courthouse narrowly escaped destruction when a tornado hit Murfreesboro in 1913 which caused minor damage to the clock tower.</p><br>
<p>In the spring of 1923, a man known as the "Human Fly" announced that he would climb to the top of the Courthouse for a small fee. His ascent was successful but as he began to climb down he lost his footing and fell to his death. During WWII, to announce the first statewide blackout the Courthouse bell was rung at 9:00 PM on June 9, 1942 and the Courthouse became the site of an air raid alarm. The square surrounding the Courthouse was used for military training exercises.</p><br>
<p>During the early 1960s wings were added on either side of the original 1859 building to accommodate the need for additional space. Although, there have been no major constructions on the site since then the interior was renovated in 1998 to its original 19th-century appearance.</p><br>
<p>There is a popular local legend which states there are a series of tunnels, possibly for escape or transferring funds to nearby banks, running from the Courthouse to various locations. No such tunnels have been discovered, although small (and limited) subterranean structures do exist such as drainage pipes.</p><br>
<p>The historic courthouse no longer hosts the county&#39;s various courts, which are now located in the Rutherford County Judicial Building that opened on April 25, 2018, on West Lytle Street.</p><br>
<h2>Courthouse grounds</h2><br>
<p>In 1901, the Sons of Confederate Veterans along with the Ladies Memorial Association erected a monument to the Confederacy on the Courthouse lawn.</p><br>
<p>On the west side of the Courthouse, in 1912, a tablet was erected by the Col. Hardy Murfree Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution to commemorate Murfreesboros status as former state capitol. Another monument was erected, this time on the southwest lawn, in 1949 to further memorialize the citys status as former state capitol.</p><br>
<p>Additional monuments around the Courthouse include, a monument to Revolutionary War Gen. Griffith Rutherford, a monument dedicated to Rutherford County law enforcement officers killed in the line of duty since 1946, two plaques in memory to the memory of Forrest&#39;s Raid on Murfreesboro (July 13, 1862), a memorial to Veterans of Foreign Wars, a plaque in honor of those who served the Confederacy from Rutherford County, and a monument erected in 2011 by the Sons of Confederate Veterans Camp #33 dedicated to those from Rutherford County who served in the Army of Tennessee.</p><br>
<p>The Ishpeming Municipal Building is a public building located at 100 East Division Street in Ishpeming, Michigan. It is also known as Ishpeming City Hall. The building was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1980 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The City Hall in Ishpeming was built during the boom iron-mining years, constructed from 1889 to 1891 using a design by Milwaukee architect Demetrius F. Charlton. The structure originally housed the jail, a library, and a madhall&#39;s office in addition to city government offices. It is still used by the city of Ishpeming.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Ishpeming City Hall is a two-story, rectangular structure built of Portage Entry sandstone and brick on a concrete-and-rubble foundation. The main facade has a rounded entry arch, decorative sandstone sills and lintels above and below the windows, and a decorative beltcourse between the floors. The roof consists of two intersecting gables. A square tower topped with a pyramidal roof sits at the corner of the structure and a one-story addition housing the jail has a hipped roof.</p><br>
<p>The Square Schoolhouse is a historic schoolhouse at the junction of New Hampshire Route 156 and Ledge Hill Road in Nottingham, New Hampshire. Built about 1850, it is one of the best-preserved mid-19th century schoolhouses in southern New Hampshire. It served as a school until 1920, and is now a local museum. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. It is named not for its shape, but for its location in Nottingham Square.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Square Schoolhouse stands southwest of the center of Nottingham in a rural setting, on the north side of Ledge Farm Road just southeast of its junction with New Hampshire Route 156. It is a two-story wood-frame structure, with a gabled roof and modest Greek Revival styling. Its front (gabled) facade is three bays wide, with windows topped by peaked lintels, and a center entrance framed by pilasters and a gabled pediment. The entrance opens into a vestibule area with a central staircase and cloakrooms on the sides, where many original period coathooks remain. The balance of each floor is occupied by a single classroom; that on the upper floor has a selection of student seating types dating from various periods of the school&#39;s use.</p><br>
<p>The school was built in 1850 as the first schoolhouse in the town, not long after the state circulated guidelines for the construction of such buildings. The schoolhouse is now owned by the Else Cilley Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution.</p><br>
<p>The second floor of the schoolhouse is operated as the Square Schoolhouse Museum by the Nottingham Historical Society. The museum is open by appointment.</p><br>
<p>The Rockingham Hotel is a historic former hotel and contemporary condominium at 401 State Street in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, United States. Built in 1885, it is a prominent early example of Colonial Revival architecture, built in part in homage to Woodbury Langdon, whose 1785 home occupied the site. Langdon&#39;s home and the hotel both played host to leading figures of their day, and the hotel was one of the finest in northern New England. The hotel, now converted to condominiums, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Rockingham Hotel stands in downtown Portsmouth, on the north side of State Street between Middle and Fleet Streets. It is a five-story brick building, built in a conscious imitation of the 1785 home of Woodbury Langdon, a prominent merchant and politician which previously occupied the site. Its facade presents as two five-bay structures set side-by-side, each with a central entrance sheltered by a projecting rectangular portico. Two-story oriel window bays project above the entrances on the third and fourth floors. Stringcourses of brownstone trim separate the first and second floors, and the fourth and fifth floors. The building facade incorporates lions, terra cotta sculptures of the Four Seasons of Man, and busts of Langdon and Frank Jones, who built the hotel in 1885.</p><br>
<p>Thomas Coburn converted the Langdon house into a hotel which opened November 1, 1833. Frank Jones, a Portsmouth mayor, congressman, and prominent local brewer bought it in 1870, tore it down, and built a Second Empire hotel building on the site. After a fire in 1884, Jones built the present structure. Through these constructions, the dining room of Woodbury Langdon, a high-quality rendition of domestic Georgian design, was retained.</p><br>
<p>A hotel until 1973, the premises, either as the home of Langdon or one of the two hotel structures, hosted presidents George Washington, Franklin Pierce, James K. Polk, Theodore Roosevelt, Chester A. Arthur, William H. Taft and John F. Kennedy.</p><br>
<p>Serving diners since the re-opening in 1887, the eastern entrance to the building enters upon a ladies parlor to the left and a sitting room to the right. The elaborately decorated parlor, until recently referred to as the "Gold Room", has been converted to the bar that serves the nearby dining room. The latter, extending across the northeast rear of the buildings main block, is now a commercial restaurant purchased by Adrienne and Paul Waterman in 2023 - The Library Restaurant. This room is one of the most elaborately decorated in the building. The mahogany woodwork is finished in a colonial revival style with pilasters that suggest those in the original Langdon dining room. Both the rooms frieze and the mahogany-framed mantelpiece at the east end are ornamented with carved arabesques and festoons in a neo-Adamesque style that evokes the Federal period heritage of the hotel and the city of Portsmouth. The celling of the dining room is divided into geometric panels by a network of mahogany mouldings, and these panels are alternately filled with Lincrusta-Walton linoleum and with trompe Ioeil frescoes painted by John Gannon of Manchester, New Hampshire. Original Shreve, Crump & Low lighting lines the walls.</p><br>
<p>The New Hampshire Bank Building is a historic commercial building at 22-26 Market Square, Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Built in 1803 and much altered since, it is one of the nation&#39;s oldest purpose-built bank buildings, and was until 1977 the oldest building used continuously to house banking operations. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The New Hampshire Bank Building is prominently sited in downtown Portsmouth&#39;s Market Square, on the east side of the square, one building south of Daniel Street. Due to its extensive history of alteration, the building now has two different facades, one next to the other. When built, it was a two-story brick structure, with a five-bay front facade, of which the center three bays were recessed. The recessed area was covered by a roof, which sheltered entrances into the projecting outer bays. In 1869 the building was partitioned into two ground-floor spaces, with front-facing entrances to those, and a third center entrance providing access to the upper floor. In 1903 the building was widened, and the left side restyled in the Classical Revival. The right side was renovated in 1904, giving that half a granite Beaux Arts facade. In the 30 ft lobby hangs a giant stained glass dome depicting the New Hampshire State Seal.</p><br>
<p>The building was erected in 1803 for the New Hampshire Bank after a house which was serving as its office burned in the great fire of 1802. New Hampshire Bank, chartered in 1792, was the first bank in the state. The building&#39;s ground floor spaces were occupied by a succession of banking interests, including two different banks beginning with the 1869 partition. Among those occupying offices on the second floor were New Hampshire Governor Levi Woodbury, his pupil, later President, Franklin Pierce, and New Hampshire Attorney General Jeremiah Mason. All three were USA senators from New Hampshire for one or more terms.</p><br>
<p>The building was occupied by banks until 1977, when it was sold to a real estate agent, who adapted one side for his agency, and leased the other to a mortgage broker. The building now houses non-banking commercial businesses.</p><br>
<p>Fort Halleck was a military outpost that existed in the 1860s along the Overland Trail and stage route in what was then the Territory of Idaho, now the USA state of Wyoming. The fort was established in 1862 to protect emigrant travelers and stages transporting mail between Kansas and Salt Lake City, Utah, and named for Major General Henry Wager Halleck, commander of the Department of the Missouri and later General-in-chief of the Union armies.</p><br>
<p>The fort was located on the northeast side of Elk Mountain at an altitude of about 7800 feet. At the time, the area around the fort was well watered and well stocked with game. The fort was reasonably large with stables for 200 horses, company quarters, office quarters, and a hospital and surgeons on staff.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Overland Trail was established in 1860 following the same general path as the Cherokee Trail which was in use in the late 1840s by miners heading to California. In 1861 the government moved the official mail route, at the request of Ben Holladay, to the Overland Trail from the Oregon Trail due to threat of Indian attack and the mail contract was assigned to Ben Holladay who established a stage line and stage stations along the Overland Trail. Pressure by white immigrants and shifting buffalo herds forced the Indian tribes to the Laramie Plains where they came into conflict with travelers on the Overland. Soldiers from the Eleventh Ohio Volunteer Cavalry stationed in Camp Collins in Colorado were dispatched north to build Fort Halleck to protect the trail from Camp Collins to the Green River stage station in the west.</p><br>
<p>The trail was at its busiest in 1864 and 1865. During this time, troops were often used as escorts and drivers for the stages. At times in 1864 and 1865 ongoing attacks caused the mail to accumulate at stations in Colorado and at Fort Halleck until it could be transported to Green River via government wagons.</p><br>
<p>The fort was abandoned in 1866 after Fort Sanders was built near the present day city of Laramie. Three years later the Transcontinental railroad was completed (mostly along the same route as the Overland Trail from Laramie to Salt Lake City) and travel on the trail declined to nearly nothing.</p><br>
<p>The outlaw L. H. Musgrove was charged in 1863 with murder at Fort Halleck and taken to Denver, Colorado, where he was lynched in 1868 by a vigilante committee.</p><br>
<p>Today, the site is located on private land. Only a single building (thought to be the blacksmith shop) remains standing. A marker is located on the cemetery.</p><br>
<p>The New Durham Town Hall is located at Main Street and Ridge Road in the center of New Durham, New Hampshire. Built in 1908, it is the town&#39;s second town hall, and an architecturally distinctive design of Dover architect Alvah T. Ramsdell. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>New Durham&#39;s town hall is prominently located in its village center, at the northwest corner of Main Street and Ridge Road. It is a -story wood-frame structure, with a hip roof and clapboarded exterior. It is a stylistically distinctive combination of Colonial Revival and Italianate design, with an elaborately decorated hood sheltering the recessed entry. The northeast corner of the building is taken up by a 55 ft tower, which has corner pilasters rising to the third stage, and a hipped roof topped by a weathervane. The interior houses town offices on the ground floor, and an auditorium and meeting space on the upper level.</p><br>
<p>The town hall was built in 1908, replacing in function the towns original 1770 meetinghouse, which still stands in the rural New Durham Corner area to the south. The new location of the towns civic heart was occasioned by changes in the town&#39;s economic focus due to the construction of new roads, and arrival in the 1850s of the railroad. In addition to serving its civic function, the upstairs hall is also a social center, housing meetings and events of community groups. Alvah Ramsdell, the architect, was prominent in the region, designing a number of similar town halls, as well as schools and commercial buildings.</p><br>
<p>The East District School is a historic school building at 365 Washington Street in Norwich, Connecticut. Built in 1798, it is significant as a rare and well-preserved 18th-century schoolhouse, and as the location of an evening school for adults established by Consider Sterry, author of an early guide to practical navigation. The school was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970, and is a contributing property to the Norwichtown Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The East District School is located in Norwichs geographically central Norwichtown, on the east side of Washington Street north of its junction with Butts Lane. It is a small brick building, one story in height, with a gambrel roof covered in wooden shingles, oriented with a gable end facing the street. That facade is two bays wide, with sash windows in each bay on both the first floor and attic level. The buildings fieldstone foundation is partially exposed on this side due to the sloping terrain. The main facade faces south, and is three bays wide, with the entrance in the right bay and windows in the other two.</p><br>
<p>The building dates to no later than 1798, when Consider Sterry established an evening school for adults which met there. Sterry, who was entirely self-taught, taught writing and bookkeeping, and instructed sailors in the methods of determining latitude and longitude at sea. He also published treatises on a variety of subjects, as well as a 300-page book on navigation. The school building, derelict at the time of its National Register listing in 1970, has been restored by the local historical society.</p><br>
<p>The Gen. Jedidiah Huntington House is a historic house at 23 East Town Road in Norwich, Connecticut. Built in 1765, it is a good example of Georgian residential architecture, notable as the home of Jedidiah Huntington, a general during the American Revolutionary War. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970, and is a contributing property to the Norwichtown Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The General Jedidiah Huntington House is located in the Norwichtown part of Norwich, one its earliest areas of settlement. It is located at the northeast corner of East Town Street and Huntington Lane, on a 2 acre lot fringed at the sidewalk by a low stone retaining wall. It is a -story wood-frame structure, five bays wide, with a gable roof, twin brick chimneys, clapboard siding, and a stone foundation. The entry is particularly elaborate, with sidelight windows and pilasters flanking the door, and a semi-elliptical transom window and simple cornice above. The interior follows a typical central hall plan, with a fine central staircase.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1765, and was home to Jedediah Huntington (1743–1818), an American general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. He served at the Battle of Bunker Hill, in the 1776 New York and New Jersey campaign, and wintered at Valley Forge in 1777–78. At the end of the war he was promoted to major general. He was also politically active, serving as county sheriff and in the state legislature.</p><br>
<p>The North Stonington Village Historic District is a 105 acre historic district encompassing the historic center of the main village of North Stonington, Connecticut. The district includes a well-preserved small industrial village, which flourished in the years before the American Civil War, and declined afterward. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>North Stonington was settled as part of Stonington in the 17th century, and was separately incorporated in 1807. Its central village grew around an early gristmill site on the Shunock River, and its oldest surviving buildings are houses that date to the mid-18th century. Industry flourished after 1790, with a power canal prodiving water power to a variety of mills, as well as a triphammer and tannery. These were all relatively modest in scale, and suffered competitively with larger scale textile mills developed elsewhere. Business survived through the American Civil War, which placed a heavy demand for woolen products, but declined thereafter. None of the village&#39;s 19th-century industrial facilities remain, beyond foundations, industrial archaeological remains, and traces of the water power system.</p><br>
<p>The historic district is centered on the confluence of Assekonk Brook and the Shunock River, and is roughly bounded on the south and west by the modern alignment of Connecticut Route 2. The district includes 72 contributing buildings, 5 other contributing structures, 3 contributing sites, and 1 contributing object. Most of these buildings are residences built either in the 18th century or in the first half of the 19th, and are in vernacular versions of architectural styles popular at that time. Federal, Greek Revival, and Italianate buildings predominate, although there are a few examples of later styles, particularly in the village&#39;s institutional buildings. The current town hall is a converted garage with Colonial Revival styling, while previously the town offices were in an 1809 Federal style commercial building. Probably the most architectural sophisticated building in the district is the Richardsonian Romanesque Wheeler Library, built in the early 20th century.</p><br>
<h2>Contributing properties</h2><br>
<p>Contributing properties having photos included in the 1981 NRHP application are:</p><br>
<p>a stone bridge over the Shunok River (photo 1 in the NRHP application attachments)</p><br>
<p>lower dam of the Shunok River (photo 2)</p><br>
<p>the William Sisson House, at 69 Main Street (photo 3)</p><br>
<p>the Luther Avery / Steven Maine House, at 1 Wyassup Road (photo 4)</p><br>
<p>the William Avery House, at 35 Main Street (photo 5)</p><br>
<p>the Noah Grant, Jr., House, a house with a broken pediment at 17 Main Street (photo 6)</p><br>
<p>the Rev. Joseph Ayer House, 94 Main Street (photo 7)</p><br>
<p>the Wheeler Store Old Town Hall (photo 8)</p><br>
<p>the North Stonington Post Office, 60 Main Street (photo 9)</p><br>
<p>the Holmes Block, 2 Wyassup Road (photos 10 and 11)</p><br>
<p>the William M. Wheeler House, at 77 Main Street (photo 12)</p><br>
<p>the Third Baptist Church, at 29 Main Street (photo 13)</p><br>
<p>the North Stonington Congregational Church, at 79 Main Street (photo 14)</p><br>
<p>a schoolhouse, at 9 Wyassup Road (photo 15)</p><br>
<p>13 Rocky Hollow Road, a Gothic- and Italianate-style house (photo 16)</p><br>
<p>Dudley Stewart House, 32 Main Street, a house with a peak ornament (photo 17)</p><br>
<p>carriage house to the Andrew Baldwin House at 63 Main Street (photo 18)</p><br>
<p>the Park Hotel, at 6 Wyassup Road (photo 19)</p><br>
<p>the Wheeler School and Library, with a hipped roof, 101 Main Street (photo 20)</p><br>
<p>the North Stonington Grange, 21 Wyassup (photo 21)</p><br>
<p>the Town Garage and Gas Station (photo 22)</p><br>
<p>Blacksmith Shop, at 25 Main Street (photo 23)</p><br>
<p>remains of canal off Babcock Road, (photo 24)</p><br>
<p>historic photo, c.1900, of saw mill (photo 25)</p><br>
<p>machinery of lower dam, 1981 (photo 26)</p><br>
<p>The stone bridge over the Shunok River was damaged in flooding on March 29, 2010.</p><br>
<p>The Putnam House is a historic building in the Harmar neighborhood of Marietta, Washington County, Ohio, United States, on the National Register of Historic Places. The house overlooks the Muskingum River.</p><br>
<p>The building was finished in 1805 consisting of 16” sandstone blocks quarried locally on Harmer Hill. The home was built for David Putnam, grandson of General Israel Putnam and nephew of General Rufus Putnam. In 1807 it co-housed the first banking corporation in the Northwest Territory and Ohio.</p><br>
<p>David Putnam lived here for 51 years until he died in 1856. The house remained in the Putnam family until 1933. 1981 saw the restoration of the house by the Putnam House Partners.</p><br>
<p>Marietta&#39;s leading abolitionist, David Putnam, Jr. was born in this house in 1808. David Putnam, Jr. used another nearby house as his "station house" on the Underground Railroad, that house was torn down in 1953.</p><br>
<p>The Rufus Putnam House, also known as Campus Martius or Campus Martius Museum State Memorial, is a historic building in Marietta, Ohio. It was built as part of the Campus Martius fortification by General Rufus Putnam, during the early settlement of Ohio by the Ohio Company of Associates.</p><br>
<p>The building is listed in the National Register of Historic Places individually, and it is also a contributing property of the Marietta Historic District. The building is the only surviving part of the Campus Martius fortification and has been enclosed inside the Campus Martius Museum building.</p><br>
<p>The house has been called "the most outstanding architectural combination of New England tradition and frontier necessity preserved in Ohio today."</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Construction began soon after Putnam arrived in 1788 using a building method known as post-and-plank or corner post construction. Each wall of the building was built prefabricated. Four-inch-thick by foot-wide hewn oak timbers were mortised and tenoned, and fastened with wooden dowels into a diagonal braced frame. Random-width four-inch-thick planks were fitted to complete the wall lying on the ground. Each plank was numbered with Roman numerals, then removed so the frame could be raised, and then re-assembled. Eight by eight-inch oak floor joists with neither foundation nor basement were used, and tulip poplar floor boards were laid, but not fastened until seasoned.</p><br>
<p>The building was completed late in 1790. The green planks used in original construction shrank, and it was necessary to wedge lath into the cracks, until clapboard was applied later. With the end of the Northwest Indian War, the Campus Martius fortification was no longer necessary, and Putnam bought the adjacent blockhouse, and used the lumber to add a four-room addition to the original four-room house in 1795.</p><br>
<p>Putnams wife died in 1820; he stayed in the house till he died in 1824. After Putnams daughter Elizabeth died in 1831, the house was sold to the Nye family, who occupied it for many years, followed by tenants late in the 19th century. The Marietta Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution leased the building starting in 1905. In 1917, the state bought the Campus Martius site, and placed it under the control of the Ohio Historical Society. Few Putnam pieces remain to decorate the interior, so other pioneer families donated items about 1927, including the Meigs, Fearing, Devol, Blennerhassett, Mason, Hildreth, and Sprague. The building, which now has a basement, was enclosed in the south wing of the museum later.</p><br>
<p>A 1903 history says the building was commonly called The Old Block-House.</p><br>
<p>An earlier home of General Putnam&#39;s, the General Rufus Putnam House in Rutland, Massachusetts, is also listed on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>The Ohio Company Land Office is one of the original buildings of the city of Marietta, Ohio, United States. The Office is listed individually in the National Register of Historic Places and as a contributing property to the Marietta Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Land Office was built after Ohio Company of Associates landed at Marietta in 1788. The Office was built at approximately 39&deg;25&prime;16.75&Prime;N latitude, 81&deg;27&prime;47.25&Prime;W longitude. In 1791 the building was moved away from the Muskingum River so it could be protected by the guns of Campus Martius. From this location, Ohio Company surveyors plotted the companys entire purchase in southeastern Ohio, more than 900,000 acre in total, under the direction of Rufus Putnam as the companys chief. url= The building is a simple log structure with a gabled roof, pierced by a single chimney; one window is set into the side, and the front has space for just one window and the main entrance. Its location on a slope permits the slight exposure of the foundation on one side. Smaller elements include shutters for the windows and a pair of steps that provide access to the main entrance. As the oldest extant building anywhere in Ohio, the land office had become the focus of significant attention by the opening years of the twentieth century, with organizations such as Marietta&#39;s historical society devoting extensive effort to ensure its preservation.</p><br>
<p>The building is now part of the Campus Martius Museum complex.</p><br>
<p>The Peter Kirk Building, first known as the Kirkland Investment Company Building, is a historic building in Kirkland, Washington located at the corner of Market Street and Seventh Avenue, Kirklands historic commercial core. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was built in 1889 by the citys founder and namesake Peter Kirk, who constructed the building as the intended centerpiece of his planned steel producing mecca until those plans were dashed by multiple factors including the Panic of 1893. In the ensuing years, Kirklands commercial core shifted to the south, likely sparing the building the fate of urban renewal or being altered beyond recognition. Due to its location on the East Sides main north-south arterial  the building remained occupied on the ground floor but had fallen into serious disrepair by the mid-20th century. The building was rescued from demolition in the early 1960s by a syndicate led by William Radcliffe who purchased and restored the Peter Kirk Building into the Kirkland Arts Center which it remains to the current day. Today it is one of Kirkland&#39;s most historic and iconic landmarks.</p><br>
<p>The building is notable for its corner turret and Victorian and Romanesque designs which remain intact. It is constructed of locally pressed red brick with plaster, rusticated stone and tin trimmings. It is the oldest existing commercial building on the Eastside of Lake Washington.</p><br>
<h2>Present and original appearance</h2><br>
<p>The Peter Kirk Building is generally late Victorian in character and the exterior, in spite of many owners and periods of neglect, appears now almost exactly the same as it did in the late 19th century. There have been some interior changes such as a stairway being moved and the addition of a fire escape in the rear and also the addition of a mezzanine. The land on which it sits is sloping. The building is basically square, measuring 59 × 55. The roof is flat with a continuous parapet on the north and west faces (approximately 3 feet high). There is an isolated pediment rising above the roof line on the west face. There is a decorated entablature with dentils and stylized brackets; the entablature is metal. The building material is brick in stretcher bond pattern. It is two stories with no basement. Second story windows are tall semicircular with radiating voussoirs and continuous sills; they are all double hung sash, The western face on street level has store front windows, full length topped by 48 section "lights". The north face main level windows are squat segmented with radiating voussoirs and a surround with trim. The entrance is semi-circular w/radiating voussoirs and a surround with trim., The recessed doors are double with windows. There is a two section fan transom above the doors. The main entrance is topped on the second level by a turret with a candle snuffer roof. The turret has four double hung windows topped by leaded stained glass lights. There is a metal finial atop the turret roof.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Ground was broken for the building in 1889 at the southeast corner of Market and Picadilly Street (now Seventh Avenue) in what was then Kirklands main intersection and intended business district. The bricks were made by the Kirkland Brick Company, located where Peter Kirk Park is now, out of locally dug clay. After several delays in construction the building was completed in March 1890 at a cost of $8,000. Kirk located his offices for the Kirkland Investment Company on the upper floor; his own office in the corner turret. The first floor was initially occupied by the dry goods business of James Guptill and George Evans (Who were both having homes constructed on Waverly Way during the boom) and The Elder Drug store. Following the demise of Kirks plans for the town as a steel producing mecca, the business center shifted away from the Kirk Building towards the waterfront and ferry dock. The upper floor was vacated when the Kirkland Investment Company was sold to Seattle Developers Burke & Farrar, who played a major role in revitalizing Kirkland as a suburban community in the early 1910s. In the 1920s Market Street was designated as part of state highway 2-A, making it the main north-to-south thoroughfare on the Eastside. The second floor of the Kirk Building was later converted to apartments while the ground floor continued to host businesses including a butcher shop, a grocery store and a furniture store. One of these was the Eastside Furniture Company, owned by Kirkland&#39;s youngest mayor, Al Leland, in the 1940s.</p><br>
<p>After years of neglect, the building was threatened with demolition in the late 1950s because the landlord couldnt afford to make the needed repairs. William Radcliffe, a local teacher, purchased space in the buildings then vacant upper story in 1958 for an art studio. In 1961, he and a group of local investors, known as the Peter Kirk Syndicate, purchased the building to clean it up and perform needed repairs. Their intention was to "preserve the building as an historic structure and use the building for the cultural enrichment of the community." The members of the syndicate donated their shares of the building to form the Creative Arts League which moved into the building where it offered various art classes as well as operating a small theater.</p><br>
<p>On October 25, 1991, the organization&#39;s name was changed to the Kirkland Arts Center. KAC operates a non-profit visual arts school which includes ceramics, printmaking, painting, watercolor, and collage.</p><br>
<p>The Peter Kirk Building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973 and after receiving the federal tax credits, the building was given a full restoration in 1977.</p><br>
<p>In 2010, the Peter Kirk Building was nominated to compete for part of a $1 million grant from American Express as part of their Partners In Preservation Seattle-Puget Sound Initiative.</p><br>
<p>From 2021-2023, the Kirkland Arts Center received a Building for the Arts grant for a seismic retrofit and roof renovations.</p><br>
<p>The Masonic Lodge Building, also known as the Campbell Building and first known as the French & Church Building, is an historic building located at 702 Market Street at the corner of Seventh Avenue in the historic commercial core of Kirkland, Washington. It was built in 1890-91 by Kirkland businessman and postmaster Edwin M. Church with pioneer Harry D. French as part of the land boom following Peter Kirks proposal of building a huge steel mill on the east side of Lake Washington. Home to Kirklands Post Office from 1891 to 1907, In 1922, The building was purchased by Kirkland Lodge No. 150 of the Free and Accepted Masons, which still occupies the building&#39;s upper level.</p><br>
<p>The building is notable for its sturdy brick construction and Victorian elements including a wooden cornice and window caps. It remains basically unchanged except for new aluminum frame windows installed by the lodge in the 1960s to replace the original wood double hung ones. On August 3, 1982, it was added the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Present and past appearance</h2><br>
<p>This is a two-story rectangular brick building with a flat roof. The building measures</p><br>
<p>54 x 79 with the southwest corner cut at a 45° angle to create a corner entrance. The</p><br>
<p>exterior brick is laid in the common bond pattern.</p><br>
<p>The wall design on the street level of the west facade is alternate brick piers and 8" round,</p><br>
<p>cast iron columns one story in height. The window and door treatments are typical storefront</p><br>
<p>with large wood sash windows with transoms and doorways without decoration. There is frieze and cornice molding above the window transoms at the second floor level terminating at the northwest and southeast corners in a decorative bracket and triangular ornament. The second floor of the west facade is given a pier effect by the use of vertical sections of raised brick at regular intervals between the tall rectangular windows. Original double hung windows have been replaced with Aluminium frame windows. Above these windows are window caps of pressed tin, featuring entablature heads topped by scrolls flanking a triangular ornament. These were most likely manufactured by the Mesker Brothers Foundry in St. Louis, Missouri, as the design appears in their catalogs.</p><br>
<p>There is a continuous decorated metal parapet with dentils, brackets and wide paneled</p><br>
<p>frieze crowning the building, terminating at the northwest and southeast corners in a decorative bracket similar to those mentioned previously. Below the frieze are several rows of</p><br>
<p>brick corbelling. The decorative parapet and frieze form a smooth curve around the angled corner of the building. Just below the frieze at this point was a plaster conch shell decoration which has been missing for several years, most likely due to deterioration. The corner has recessed nine foot wooden double doors at the street level, now sheathed in brushed copper.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>The Builders</h3><br>
<p>Edwin M. Church was born in New York and spent his early years all over the midwest, serving in the 1st Iowa Cavalry Regiment during the American Civil War. After living in Kansas for several years, he and his family traveled west by train to San Francisco where they boarded the steamer Pacific. This steamer would sink off of Cape Flattery on its next voyage, killing all but two aboard. Church arrived in Seattle in May 1875 where he briefly lived near Auburn. His family finally settled on a large plot of land in Houghton on the eastern shore of Lake Washington by the end of 1876. During this time Church worked as a bricklayer while his family tended to crops. He eventually sold most of the property to other settlers, excluding the plot for his house, which he rebuilt in 1880 and expanded in 1886.</p><br>
<p>Harry French, whose father, S. Foster French had brought them to the area from Maine in August 1872, was one of the earliest settlers in what would become Kirkland. Their original home, though moved from its original location, still stands and is one of the oldest homes on the East Side.</p><br>
<h3>The Building</h3><br>
<p>In the spring of 1889, Church purchased the Kirkland grocery store of J.J. Tompkins and became a businessman. He was appointed Kirklands postmaster in June 1890 and by the end of the year, with Peter Kirks plans for the town nearing certainty, Church joined forces with Harry D. French, son of one of Kirklands earliest pioneers, to construct a $12,000 brick building at the Northeast corner of Market Street and Picadilly (now Seventh Avenue) to accommodate their businesses as well as the post office. Church and French purchased the 4 lots on the corner from the Kirkland Land & Improvement Co. on February 13, 1891 for $3,100 (About $89,300 in 2019) but it is unclear whether the building, which occupies the southern 2 lots, was completed by this time. Though the building topped out at 2 floors, its walls were reported to be thick enough to support an eventual third floor if needed. In 1894, Church would be removed from the position of postmaster due to what reports called "offensive partisanship" (He would be succeeded by C.C. Filson, who would later found the Filson Company in Seattle). In later years, E.A. Brooks operated the grocery store in the building and lived upstairs with his family. When Brooks had his own building built further down Market Street in 1907 (still standing), he moved his store and the post office into the new quarters. In the 1920s a Mr. Evans operated a variety store in the southern half of the building for a time while the other storefront was used as a band practice space. In the later 20s the ground floor was used for automotive storage. The corner store was later used as a plumbing shop then a cabinet shop.</p><br>
<h3>The Masons</h3><br>
<p>In 1922, Kirkland Lodge No. 150 of the Free and Accepted Masons of Washington purchased the building for their meeting space, moving from an older wooden building a block away. The Masons remodeled the space by replacing the roof and removing most of the partition walls on the second floor. They rented out their meeting space for use by several other Masonic lodges. When a garage building was built to the north of the Masonic Lodge Building, they used its north wall as a bulkhead, weakening it and necessitating the construction of a retaining wall. Under direction of the Lodge, the basement, rendered useless by time and dampness, was filled with 15,000 yards of pea gravel and capped with a layer of cement that replaced the original floor in 1954. The then vacant store rooms have been occupied ever since.</p><br>
<p>The Jewel Box  is a greenhouse located in Forest Park, St. Louis, Missouri at the intersection of Wells and McKinley Drives. It now serves as a public horticultural facility and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places .</p><br>
<p>It was designed by architect William C. E. Becker and built in 1936 by the Robert Paulus Construction Company. It consists of five stepped, composition-covered wood roofs with clerestories, rather than a regular glass roof, in order to prevent damage from frequent hailstorms.</p><br>
<p>In 2002, just two years after being listed in the National Register of Historical Places (NHRP), the Jewel Box underwent a $3.5 million renovation.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1913, Nelson Cunliff became Commissioner of Parks and Recreation for St. Louis City. Public floral conservatories gained popularity in the city in the 1910s, when pollution and smog threatened much of the citys flora. Due to high levels of smoke and soot within the city, he began a survey to determine which plants could survive the conditions. He later asked city gardener John Moritz, who was in charge of the citys greenhouses, to set up a display greenhouse for public enjoyment to showcase various plants that could survive. It is said that someone called the displays "like a jewel box", hence the name. In 1933, Bernard Dickmann became Mayor of St. Louis and decided to build a new facility on a 17-acre site in Forest Park. The building cost about $117,000, with about 45% coming from Public Works Administration funds, and William C. E. Becker, then Chief Engineer of Bridges and Buildings for the city, was assigned to design the building. Construction began on December 12, 1935, and the facility opened on November 14, 1936.</p><br>
<p>After city budget cuts at the end of the 20th century, local volunteer groups formed partnerships with the city Department of Parks and Recreation to maintain the landscape setting surrounding the Jewel Box.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>Designed by city engineer William C.E. Becker and built by contractor Robert Paulus Construction Co., construction of the Jewel Box began late in 1935 and lasted just under a year. Becker studied climate patterns to produce a design measuring 144 feet (43.9 m) long and 55 feet (16.8 m) wide, containing about 7,500 square feet (696.8 m) of floor space. The Jewel Box consists of 16,664 ft&sup2; of plate glass in over 4,000 panes, set in wood and wrought iron supports. The unconventional, cantilevered, vertical glass walls rise 50 feet high. Most of the glass is framed by copper with a verdigris patina. The Jewel Box is supported by eight fixed arches carrying the structures weight. There are also triangular trusses between every other arch. The ceiling is composed of wood planking. The Jewel Boxs entrance is a vestibule made of limestone. Inside the greenhouse, there is a concrete-floored balcony located across the south end. The design also included three reflecting pools south of the structure, along with a network of footpaths connecting the greenhouse to Forest Park&#39;s existing pedestrian routes.</p><br>
<p>The Art Deco-style greenhouse structure was designed to meet 3 major criteria: to minimize risk from hail, admit the greatest amount of sunlight, and minimize maintenance costs. The design was unconventional for the time. Unlike traditional greenhouses, all of the horizontal surfaces were metal rather than glass. The value of this innovative design was proven during a 1938 hailstorm that broke more than 1,000 glass panes in adjacent, glass-roofed greenhouses while the Jewel Box stood undamaged.</p><br>
<h2>Renovations</h2><br>
<p>In 1993, the City of St. Louis began work on a master plan to renew Forest Park and preserve it for future users, while meeting the needs of present families. The city involved thousands of people in the two-year planning process to create the Master Plan, taking extra care to ensure that the plan truly reflected the desires of everyone involved, resulting in: Restoring the Glory; A Campaign for Forest Park. The Campaign was adopted in 1995 and would be enacted over the following 10 years, costing $86 million, with hopes that all major construction be complete by the 100th anniversary of the 1904 St. Louis World&#39;s Fair.</p><br>
<p>The Master Plan included plans to upgrade the Jewel Box and bring it back to life. ABS Consulting was selected to provide structural repairs for the Jewel Box. The greenhouse was designed by William C.E. Becker who would later help found Becker, Becker & Pannell, the same engineering firm acquired early in 2001 by ABS Consulting. This truly brought the landmark full circle, with the engineering staff assigned to the project including those formerly associated with Becker, Becker & Pannell keeping William C.E. Becker&#39;s original ideas alive.</p><br>
<p>In 2002, a $3.5 million, year-long renovation of the building was completed. This renovation included removing all of the old vegetation and reconfiguring the planting areas to the sides of the building, leaving the interior free and flooding the Jewel Box with sunlight. The interior area gained a large fountain and water feature that can be removed for weddings and other events and large pots that line both sides of the pond and baskets of plants that hang from the ceiling. Floral display areas were improved along with the introduction of a catering area to better facilitate weddings and other large events.</p><br>
<p>During the renovation, the Jewel Box&#39;s mechanical systems were replaced and a new heating and air conditioning system was installed to maintain comfortability inside during both the coldest and hottest weather extremes.</p><br>
<h2>Present day</h2><br>
<p>Today the Jewel Box is an aged St. Louis treasure that has been restored to its former glory. It remains open to the public. There are special floral shows at Christmas, early spring, Easter, Mother&#39;s Day, summer, and fall. It has tropical trees, foliage plants, flowers, a new water feature, and a fountain all year round.</p><br>
<p>The Joshua Sears Building is a historic building in Kirkland, Washington, located at the northwest corner of Market Street and Seventh Avenue, Kirklands historic commercial core. It was built in 1891 by Boston philanthropist and capitalist, Joshua Sears, who was heavily invested in Peter Kirks Great Western Iron and Steel Company and was the town site&#39;s largest landowner. As a result of the Panic of 1893, the steel mill and the bank intended to occupy this building never opened but the Sears building survives today as a reminder of what might have been in Kirkland. It is an early example of Beaux-Arts architecture in the Northwest, where Victorian and Romanesque Revival styles were still predominant in commercial buildings. On August 3, 1982, it was added the National Register of Historic Places. In December 2015 the building was purchased by local attorney Simeon Osborn and his wife Monica Hart, who stated they plan to keep the current business and residential tenants.</p><br>
<h2>Original and present appearance</h2><br>
<p>A single detached structure, the building is an irregular polygon in plan, measuring 10′ x 81′ x 52′ x 42′ x 61′. It is two full stories with a full basement. The main business entrance is on the southeast corner with a second major entrance centered on the east facade. Reflecting the East-Coast influence of its builder, The building is predominantly Beaux Arts in design; a style newly popular back East but which wouldn&#39;t become common place on the West coast until the turn of the 20th century. The original architect is not known. Like its neighbors, it is constructed of locally fired red brick in the stretcher bond pattern. The foundation is also brick, and has been mostly stuccoed over on the exterior to protect against moisture. The roof is flat and covered with tar and gravel.</p><br>
<p>There is a continuous pressed metal cornice around the east and south roof lines. The cornice contains brackets, dentils, and a decorated frieze. There are belt courses of cast ornamental concrete over raised brick occurring at four levels: on the first floor under the window sills a wide band above the first floor windows; on the second floor as a continuous band window sill and just below the metal frieze of the cornice. This cast concrete is used throughout the exterior to imitate stone.</p><br>
<p>There are several types of window treatment. These are on the west facade: segmental with radiating voussoirs of plain brick and cast concrete lug sills; south facade: first floor, plain double hung windows; above these are a second row of small windows approximately 2½′ x 4′, semi-circular with cast concrete surrounds and pressed metal decorative keystones; second floor, standard double hung with shaped concrete lintels with raised keystones and continuous cast concrete sills; east facade: first floor, large fixed windows with transoms above and continuous sills and headers of cast concrete; second floor, the same as the south facade; the north facade originally had no openings, anticipating neighboring construction, but has since had several small fixed-pane windows added, as well as doors that allow direct access to the building&#39;s parking lot.</p><br>
<p>The main entrance, intended for the bank, is on the southeast corner. The door is recessed and approached by three granite stairs. Originally, there were paneled double doors but they have been replaced by a standard plain single door. The door architrave consists of brick pilasters with cast concrete bases and pressed metal Ionic capitals and a segmental pediment also of pressed metal. The second story window surround continues the classic effect with a triangular pediment supported by brackets over two double hung windows, since replaced by a single fixed, four pane window imitating the original. Above this pediment is a rectangular cast concrete cartouche bearing the name "SEARS". The second entrance is centered on the east facade and bears many of the same features: pressed metal pediments, etc.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Sears Building was built in 1891 by Boston millionaire, philanthropist and Kirkland investor Joshua Montgomery Sears II (1854–1905) as part of the speculative land boom following Peter Kirks proposal of building a steel producing mecca that would rival Pittsburgh on the east side of Lake Washington. Sears was born on Christmas Day 1854 in Yarmouth, Massachusetts, as the only son of Joshua M. Sears I, a prominent Boston grocer who had built the family fortune from the ground up, but died when the younger Sears was only two years old. With a yearly stipend from his fathers estate and through a series of profitable investments, the young Sears amassed his own fortune. He became known as "The Boston Astor" and was reportedly the single biggest tax payer in the city. A major patron of the arts (he at one time owned the Jupiter Stradivarius) he is only remembered today through the famous John Singer Sargent portrait of his wife, Sarah Choate Sears.</p><br>
<p>The Sears Building was completed in June 1891 at a cost $18,000, at the time the most expensive being built in Kirkland outside of the steel mill itself. The bricks were pressed from local clay at Peter Kirks own brick works on what is now Peter Kirk Park. Originally intended to house a bank at the corner, Sears outfitted the entire interior and even hired a partial staff but with the arrival of the Panic of 1893, the doors, like the steel mill, never opened. In the years after the bust, the building, like many others in the area remained mostly vacant, though it, along with a large portion of the original town-site remained in the ownership of the Sears estate. The corner space was eventually occupied by a printing company and later a grocery store. An electric supply store occupied one of the smaller storefronts for over twenty years. At one point the buildings upper floors, originally intended for office space, were divided into seven apartments. On August 3, 1982, it was added the National Register of Historic Places. As of 2005 the building housed a religious bookstore and a real estate office. In 2015 the building was purchased by Local attorney Sim Osborn and his wife Monica Hart, the couple bought the building with plans to preserve its historic features and aesthetics for future generations.</p><br>
<p>The Lobb House is a private single-family house located at 203 West Onota Street in Munising, Michigan. It is also known as the Lobb-Madigan House. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Edward and Elizabeth Lobb owned the prosperous Princeton Mine in Marquette County and the Anna River Brick Company, founded in 1887. The Lobbs were the leading family of Munising in the late 19th century due to the prosperity and importance of their business interests. Edward Lobb died c. 1892, leaving the family&#39;s fortunes in the capable hands of Elizabeth. She continued operating the brickyard along with her son Nathaniel, and in 1905-1906 built this house designed by Sault Ste. Marie architect Edward DeMar.</p><br>
<p>The house was sold by the Lobb family in 1945 to John and Francis Madigan, and in 1973 the Madigans sold it to the Alger County Historical Society for use as a museum.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Lobb House is a two-and-one-half-story structure, 42 feet by 28 feet, sided with clapboard. The roof is hipped, with hipped dormers, and the exposed eaves extend well beyond the exterior walls. A veranda with Ionic columns graces two sides of the house. The interior uses a large amount of oak woodwork.</p><br>
<p>Mayo Mansion is a historic mansion at 405 Third Street in Paintsville, Kentucky. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 3, 1974, as John C.C. Mayo Mansion and Office. The mansion is currently occupied by Our Lady of the Mountains School.</p><br>
<p>Mayo Mansion was built for American entrepreneur John C. C. Mayo. Herman Geisky served as the chief architect during construction.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Mayo began develop plans to construct a new estate in Paintsville. Mayo had originally intended to build a mansion with approximately twenty rooms. But, after visiting several other mansions in Central Kentucky, he decided to build a much larger home. After hiring architect Herman Geisky and over one hundred Italian stonemasons from Cincinnati, construction began in 1905.</p><br>
<p>Due to Paintsvilles undeveloped state at the time, there were many challenges during construction. Before the foundation could be built, the land had to drained and filled. Paintsville had not yet constructed a public water system so a private system was developed on the estate that pumped water from a well into a cistern. Rain water was also captured from the roof and was channeled into a cistern. The collected water could then be pumped into the mansion. At the start of the mansions construction, Paintsville had also not yet received electrical service. Due to this, the original plans called for the use of carbide gas to provide lighting. But, during construction, electric power transmission lines connected Paintsville to a power grid, and the carbide gas system was never installed.</p><br>
<p>The sandstone used in the construction of the exterior of the mansion was cut and shaped at Thomas Jefferson Mayos (John Mayos father) farm, which was located across Paint Creek. The sandstone blocks were then transported across the valley from his father&#39;s farm to the construction site on an overhead tram that was 3/4 mile long. After each stone column was shaped, it was transported as three individual pieces using a team of oxen. The team of oxen then had to pull the individual segments of the columns through Paint Creek during the dry season to the mansion. In December 1912, after a cost of $250,000 ($ in dollars), the three-story, 43-room mansion was complete.</p><br>
<p>Mayo died on May 11, 1914. Three years after his death, his wife, Alice Jane Mayo, and his two children moved to Ashland, Kentucky due to the regions isolation. Much of the mansions interior, including the marble, tile, and furniture, was taken to Ashland where the family constructed a new mansion. The estate was sold to the Sandy Valley Seminary, which was renamed John C. C. Mayo College. After the college closed due to financial difficulties in 1936, the property and estate were given back to Alice. The estate was then sold to E. J. Evans, who was a friend and employee of her husband. In 1945, Evans sold the mansion and property to Most Reverend William T. Mulloy, the Roman Catholic bishop of the Diocese of Covington, Kentucky, at the time. In October of the same year the Sisters of Divine Providence from Melbourne, Kentucky, established Our Lady of the Mountains School, which still occupies the building today.</p><br>
<p>The Cathcart is a historic apartment building located at 103 E. 9th St. in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States.</p><br>
<p>Its NRHP nomination states: "The Cathcart is an architecturally outstanding example of the "Eastern" flat type apartment that was a significant part of the commercial/real estate development of Indianapolis."</p><br>
<p>It is built of deep red brick and grey limestone and has detailing "reminiscent of the Arts and Crafts or Craftsman style."</p><br>
<p>The site of the building was the location of a cottage which had been given as a wedding present to Robert Weir Cathcart and Alice Morrison Cathcart in 1870, and was their family home. In 1909, recently widowed, Mrs. Cathcart undertook to have the apartment building constructed "despite the warnings of all advisors."</p><br>
<p>In 1983, the Cathcart was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as part of the "Apartments and Flats of Downtown Indianapolis" multiple property submission. The apartments in this group were added to the Register for their architecture and for their place in the development of commerce and real estate development in Indianapolis.</p><br>
<p>The Ashworth Archaeological Site is a significant archaeological site in the extreme southwestern corner of the USA state of Indiana. Located near the confluence of the Ohio and Wabash Rivers, it lies near several similar archaeological sites. It was first examined by archaeologists in the middle of the twentieth century and found to be the site of a relatively recent Native American village, and it has been designated a historic site because of its archaeological value.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Ashworth Archaeological Site is located in the southern portion of Section 1, Township 8S, Range 14W, in the northeastern portion of Point Township, the southwesternmost township in Posey County, the southwesternmost county in Indiana. Another archaeological site, designated 12PO11, is located farther south in the same section; both sites are approximately 1 mi north of the northern end of Hovey Lake and an equal distance west of a bend of the Ohio River. It lies in a field on the eastern side of State Road 69 atop a bluff overlooking a slough.</p><br>
<p>Due to its location at the southern extremity of the state, Posey County experiences fewer frost days than most of the rest of Indiana. This favorable weather, combined with its place as the first portion of Indiana to be reached by one ascending the Ohio River, caused the land within the boundaries of the modern county to have one of Indiana&#39;s heaviest concentrations of Pre-Columbian populations. An archaeological field survey published in 1949 found evidence of fifteen different prehistoric villages in Point Township, which has yielded artifacts as old as a Folsom point, and as recent as the Mississippian period.</p><br>
<h2>Excavation</h2><br>
<p>In 1945, the state legislature voted a substantial appropriation to the Indiana Historical Bureau. As the Corps of Engineers was considering the construction of a massive levee along Posey County&#39;s Ohio River shoreline for flood control purposes, Indiana archaeologists feared the destruction of many riverside sites, and the Historical Bureau accordingly funded an extensive field survey that investigated the county from April to December of the following year. Follow-up surveys continued into 1947, and the results were published in 1949.</p><br>
<p>In early 1947, the surveyors visited northeastern Point Township and obtained permission to investigate a field that had a reputation of producing a wide range of archaeological material. Because the owner had just disked the field in preparation for planting corn, many artifacts had recently been brought to the surface and were readily apparent to the surveyors, such as lithic flakes, bits of human bone, and sherds of pottery. By intensively examining the surface of the field, the surveyors collected forty-three pottery sherds (including thirty-six that were shell-tempered), a projectile point, seven scrapers, four other stone tools, and a phalanx bone originating from a bovine species, either Bos taurus or Bison bison.</p><br>
<p>Having found this significant collection of artifacts, the surveyors sought and obtained the owners permission to excavate any human burials they discovered. Having found a cluster of three skeletons during one days research, they covered them as evening approached, planning to remove them and to continue their excavations on the following day. The three bodies were those of a child and two adults (one male and one female); they were found because the adult males tibia and fibula had been unearthed when the owner had disked his field. They had been buried in a rectangular shallow grave dug into a slope; the bodies heads pointed at a bearing of approximately 305°. Upon their return, the archaeologists learned that their excavations were completed: overnight, the owners religious beliefs had led him to conclude that no more excavations should be permitted, so as soon as the surveyors had finished sketching the skeletons, they followed the owners instructions by reburying them.</p><br>
<h2>Conclusions</h2><br>
<p>Based on the evidence it uncovered, the 1940s survey concluded that Ashworth was the site of a prehistoric village. The artifacts found during this survey are useful for identifying the people who lived at Ashworth: shell-tempered pottery is a hallmark of the Mississippian culture, and the inhabitants are now believed to have been members of the Caborn-Welborn culture, a Mississippian subgroup. Very similar results were found at the nearby site 12PO11, the other former village site in Section 1; as a result of the sites&#39; similar artifacts and the extremely small distance between them, 12PO11 was thought perhaps to be an outlying portion of Ashworth.</p><br>
<p>In 1985, approximately 50 acre of the Ashworth Archaeological Site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places because of its archaeological value. It is one of five Posey County archaeological sites on the Register and one of three in Point Township, along with an archaeological district near Hovey Lake and the major Murphy Site very close to the mouth of the Wabash.</p><br>
<p>Paschal Miller House is a historic home located at Morristown in St. Lawrence County, New York. It is a -story rectangular frame structure with a hipped roof, built in 1838–1843 in the Greek Revival style. The house features a wraparound porch along three sides. Also on the property is a contributing carriage barn.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Jonathan Wallace House is a historic home located at Potsdam in St. Lawrence County, New York. It was built in 1828 and is a two-story, five-bay, hipped-roof Federal style residence with a two-story rear wing built about 1846. The main block and wing are constructed of red Potsdam Sandstone in the slab and binder style. It is currently a private residence.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>Russell Town Hall is a historic town hall building located at Russell in St. Lawrence County, New York. It was built in 1921 and is a three-story Classical Revival style structure. The ground story is built of sandstone and upper story is of brick. It was originally constructed with town offices on the lower floor and a two-story theater on the upper floor. The five bay east facade features a three bay portico. The site was donated to the community in about 1917 by Seymour H. Knox I, who was born at Russell in April 1861.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>Pierrepont Town Buildings is a historic town hall and related building complex located at Pierrepont in St. Lawrence County, New York. The complex consists of three buildings: the Pierrepont Town Hall, Pierrepont Museum , and Pierrepont Union Church. The Pierrepont Town Hall is a white frame clapboard structure built in 1847 and originally of Greek Revival design. It features an open porch with Greek pediment with four square tapering columns. It was remodeled in 1901 and again in 1953–1955.</p><br>
<p>The Pierrepont Museum is housed in a former one-room school and is a one-story wood-frame structure built about 1826.</p><br>
<p>The Pierrepont Union Church is a one-story wood-frame Queen Anne style building with two main gable roofed sections built in the mid-1880s.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Morristown Schoolhouse is a historic one-room school building located at Morristown in St. Lawrence County, New York. It was built about 1824 and is a one-story, small rectangular gable roofed limestone building. It was used as a school until 1877, then was village hall from 1899 and 1910. In 1976, it was renovated as a schoolhouse museum.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Wright&#39;s Stone Store is a historic store building located at Morristown in St. Lawrence County, New York. It is a -story building with an exposed basement built of local limestone about 1821. It is the earliest commercial structure in Morristown and served as a provisions store and community center until 1864.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Mayo Memorial United Methodist Church is a historic church located at 325 Third Street, Paintsville, Kentucky, United States. On January 26, 1989, the church was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The construction of the church began in 1908, at the urging of local millionaire, John C.C. Mayo, who was part of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South of Paintsville. Originally the cost of the church was estimated at $10,000, which Mayo promised to pay half of. Initially, he donated a site at the corner of Church and Third Streets for the church. But, he later purchased a site from C.B. Wheeler at the corner of Third and Court Streets, the present location.</p><br>
<p>The church was constructed out of native sandstone that was cut and shaped at Thomas Jefferson Mayos (John Mayos father) farm, which was located across Paint Creek. The stones were transported to the church by the same aerial tram which Mayo used to construct his mansion. The roof is made of over 12,000 glazed green tiles that weigh six pounds a piece. Its pipe organ was donated by Andrew Carnegie. The church is also well known for its large stained glass windows, designed by Italian craftsman and imported from Italy. The windows portray the Birth, Death, Resurrection, and Ascension of Christ.</p><br>
<p>At the end of construction, the total cost of the church was between $30,000 and $50,000 ($ in dollars). The first church service was held on September 19, 1909.</p><br>
<p>Acker and Evans Law Office  is a historic office building in Ogdensburg, New York, United States. It is a rectangular Greek Revival style structure with a facade of smooth-faced, locally quarried white marble. It was built about 1830 as a bank, then used as a ticket agency, insurance office, express office, and finally as a law office.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Chase Mills Inn was a historic inn and tavern building located at Chase Mills in St. Lawrence County, New York. It was built about 1865 and is a two-story wood-sheathed structure with a principal three-bay mass and a two-story, two-bay wing. It features a low hipped roof and two porches.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Inn was torn down in 2005 and owned by George Michels who owned it since 1972. It was originally owned by Moses Small, Edward Creighton, Levi Abernathy, and Mary Lenny. Lenny sold it to Michels.</p><br>
<p>The Orpheum Theater opened in Champaign, Illinois in 1914 on the site of a vaudeville theater built in 1904. Designed by the Architectural firm Rapp & Rapp, the Orpheum  was built to accommodate both live vaudeville performances and the projection of film. After a series of renovations and changes of ownership, the Orpheum screened its final film in 1986.</p><br>
<p>Preserved from demolition in 1991, the Orpheum is now home to a childrens museum, the Orpheum Childrens Science Museum, and is undergoing restoration.</p><br>
<h2>Design and construction</h2><br>
<p>One of the earliest examples of movie theater architecture, the Orpheum is an early design by the prolific architectural firm Rapp and Rapp, a firm that would later design many famous American "Movie Palaces" in the first decades of the twentieth century.</p><br>
<p>George Leslie Rapp, an 1899 alumnus of the University of Illinois School of Architecture, with his brother Corneilus, founded the firm of Rapp & Rapp. They designed over 400 theaters including the Majestic Theater in Dubuque, Iowa (1910), the Chicago Theatre (1921), Bismark Hotel and Theatre (1926), Mighigan Theatre, Detroit (1926), Oriental Theater, Chicago (1926), and the Paramount Theater in New York City (1926) and Aurora (1931).</p><br>
<p>Rapp and Rapp designed the Orpheum as a scale model of the opera house at Versailles. The following year, they designed the Al. Ringling Theatre in Baraboo, Wisconsin, which was also a model of the Versailles opera house. The Ringlings, however, spent considerably more money for decorations.</p><br>
<p>The Orpheum interior style is French Renaissance and Baroque and the exterior is Classical Revival. There were 754 seats and 18 loge boxes.</p><br>
<p>The owners were Joseph M. Finn and Marcus Heiman of F&H Amusement Company. General contractor was Wile Brothers of Chicago, specialists in theater construction. The contract price was between $65,000 and $70,000. Work began in late May 1914. Mandel Brothers of Chicago had the contract for the draperies and other interior decorations. The scenery was done by Sosman & Landis of Chicago, who were considered the best scenery painters in the middle west.</p><br>
<h2>Early history in vaudeville</h2><br>
<p>Opening Night was on October 19, 1914. The performance began with the New Orpheum orchestra, under the leadership of Larry J. Powers, playing the "Illinois Loyalty", followed by "America" and "The Star-Spangled Banner". Mayor Oliver B. Dobbins gave a short speech complimenting the management for its elaborate and expensive effort to provide such an elegant theatre. Five high class vaudeville acts were presented, headlined by singer and comedian Herman Timberg, who had appeared a few weeks earlier at Chicago&#39;s Palace Theater. The evening closed with moving pictures. The manager was C. S. Harris.</p><br>
<p>The Orpheum was the main vaudeville stop in Champaign and Urbana, and a member of the noted Orpheum Circuit. It played host to many famous vaudevillians, including Trixie Friganza, Red Skelton, Harry Houdini (1923), Chic Sale, Virginia Sale, Will Rogers (1915), the Marx Brothers (1918), Bill "Bojangles" Robinson (1921), Jack Benny (1922), Bob Hope (1928), and Burns & Allen (1929). A few of the now classic films shown during the Orpheums long history include Birth of A Nation (1916), Intolerance (1917), City Lights (1931), Gone With the Wind (1940 & 1968), Dumbo (1941), A Streetcar Named Desire (1952), Mister Roberts (1955), and A Hard Days Night (1964).</p><br>
<p>During the Orpheums vaudeville period, part of the theaters second floor served as a boarding house, often housing African Americans at a time when local hotels practiced racial discrimination.</p><br>
<h2>As a cinema</h2><br>
<p>In the 1920s RKO Pictures began operating the Orpheum Theatre (it also operated the nearby Virginia Theater). Under the management of RKO, the theater was increasingly devoted to the screening of films, rather than to live performance in the vaudeville tradition. In 1967 a major renovation created a modern appearance by adding an aluminum facade and redoing the lobby.</p><br>
<p>In 1971 GKC Theaters purchased the Orpheum, as the theater struggled to remain profitable. In 1982 GKC leased it, as part of an attempt to recast the Orpheum as an art house. After this attempt failed, the Orpheum briefly returned to screening first run films, before finally closing in 1986, screening the trick slasher film April Fools Day as the theaters final showing.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation and Children&#39;s Museum</h2><br>
<p>The Champaign Preservation and Conservation Association (PACA) sponsored a public meeting on April 8, 1989, in response to plans to raze the now closed and deteriorating theater. This meeting was held to gauge public interest in saving the Orpheum Theatre. The City of Champaign purchased the Orpheum and adjacent building as a site for a possible parking deck in January 1990. The city allowed 45 PACA volunteers to spend Saturday, July 7, 1990, removing the aluminum facade to reveal the original look of the building and to assess any damage.</p><br>
<p>PACA hired theatre consultant Michael Hardy to do a feasibility study of the Orpheum. He suggested, in July 1990, a childrens museum as a possible use for the building. The city did not have a childrens museum and there were already several successful performing arts facilities in the area.</p><br>
<p>The City of Champaign razed the adjacent warehouse building in February 1991. In the fall of 1991, the theatre facade was cleaned and painted and the marquee given cosmetic repairs by PACA. The trompe loeil cornice reminiscent of the original was painted above the theater entrance. In 1994 the Orpheum Childrens Science Museum opened its doors to the public.</p><br>
<p>The museum currently houses interactive exhibits and supports a variety of camps and clubs.</p><br>
<p>The board of the museum has expressed interest in either relocation or expansion of the facility. Proposals for reuse of the facility were requested by the museum board in January 2009. However, by 2013, long-term plans for the museum involved expansion of the current facility.</p><br>
<h2>Air-Maze Project Addition</h2><br>
<p>In the summer of 2014, University Laboratory High School (Uni High)&#39;s teacher Sharlene Denos met with leading members of the museum to discuss a project that could be done in tandem with the high school. Within 6 months, her students materialized the initiative. As of March 2017, this addition is still visible at the museum.</p><br>
<p>The Arab Mountain Fire Observation Station is a historic fire observation station located on Mount Arab at Piercefield in St. Lawrence County, New York. The station includes a 40 ft, steel frame lookout tower erected in 1918, an observers cabin built about 1948, a trace of the foundation of the original cabin, a structure probably used as a root cellar in the 1940s, and the foot trail. The tower is a prefabricated structure built by the Aermotor Corporation and provided a front line of defense in preserving the Adirondack Forest Preserve from the hazards of forest fires.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>French Family Farm is a historic family farm located at Potsdam in St. Lawrence County, New York. The farmhouse was built in 1815 as a five bay house and extended to its present two bay, nine bay size by 1820. It is a timber-framed structure with clapboard siding. Also on the property is a barn built about 1900.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Hepburn Library is a historic library building located at Norfolk in St. Lawrence County, New York. It was designed by architects Rossiter & Muller and built in 1919–1920. It is a T-shaped, cross-gable-roofed Georgian Revival style brick building on a full, raised basement. Funding for its construction was provided by local philanthropist A. Barton Hepburn. Note: This includes</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>The Michael J. Kirwan Educational Television Center, also known as KVZK-TV or KVZK Building, is a historic and current television center in Utulei, American Samoa. It is named for USA congressman Michael J. Kirwan, from Ohio, who took an interest in the development of American Samoa, and was instrumental in securing funding for a wide variety of improvements in the territorys infrastructure. It is a utilitarian concrete structure, roughly cruciform in shape, with a corrugated metal gable roof, located behind the Department of Education building on Route 1 in Utulei. It was built in 1964 as part of an innovative initiative to reform American Samoas then-primitive educational facilities by broadcasting lessons from a central facility to the territorys remote schools. This initiative resulted in the widespread electrification of the territorys islands, and the construction of roads and new schools, and was widely regarded as a model for improving education in underdeveloped parts of the world. By the 1970s use of the broadcast facilities for education declined.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places on October 23, 2009.</p><br>
<p>Raymondville Parabolic Bridge is a historic lenticular truss bridge located at Raymondville in St. Lawrence County, New York. It was constructed in 1886 and spans the Raquette River. It was constructed by the Berlin Iron Bridge Co. of East Berlin, Connecticut. It was closed to vehicular traffic in 1979 was used briefly as a pedestrian bridge. then closed completely to all traffic for safety reasons. There is now no public access to the bridge&#39;s actual deck, but both approaches are accessible on foot. There is a nearby similar but shorter version of this bridge also built by the Berlin Iron Bridge Co. still in use linking River Road and NY 56 at Yaleville, New York. In the late 1950s tragedy struck on the parabolic bridge. A small boy while walking to school one morning lost his footing and slipped on some ice and fell under the railing into the Raquette River where he drowned.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Wanakena Footbridge was a pedestrian suspension bridge located at Wanakena in St. Lawrence County, New York. It was constructed in 1902 and spanned the Oswegatchie River. It was originally constructed to provide a crossing for the employees of the Rich Lumber Company to reach the no longer extant mills.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999. In 2014 it was destroyed by an ice jam that floated downstream and collided with the bridge; two years later it was removed from the Register.</p><br>
<p>In July 2016 a new bridge was dedicated and opened after fund raising by the Wanakena Historical Association and others.</p><br>
<p>The Vardy Community School was a Presbyterian mission school established in the Vardy community of Hancock County, Tennessee, United States, in the late-19th and early-20th centuries. At the time of its founding, the school was the only institution providing primary education to children of the multi-racial Melungeon communities, who lived in the remote mountainous areas along the Tennessee-Virginia border.</p><br>
<p>Part of a segregated system, it was restricted to children considered black or multiracial. Presbyterian missionaries operated the school until 1955; following the United States Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) ruling that segregated schools were unconstitutional, it became part of the Hancock County public school system. In 1984, the school and the structures associated with the mission community that developed around it were designated as a historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Vardy Community School Historic District.</p><br>
<p>During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, dozens of settlement schools and mission schools were established across rural Appalachia. In 1892 the Presbyterian Church decided to build such a school at Vardy, a community located near the heart of Melungeon country in the Blackwater Creek Valley. Over the next forty-five years, the mission school complex expanded to include a three-story frame schoolhouse, a church, a manse, a library, and several residences for teachers and children.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Vardy community, sometimes called "Vardy Valley," is situated in a narrow valley carved by Blackwater Creek between Newmans Ridge on the south and Powell Mountain on the north. The valley, part of the Clinch River watershed, stretches for roughly 10 mi from Mulberry Gap southwest of Vardy to the Blackwater community in Lee County, Virginia to the northeast. Vardy is still relatively isolated, its primary access being from Sneedville via State Highway 63, which crosses Newmans Ridge through a series of steep switchbacks before intersecting Vardy Blackwater Road near Mulberry Gap. The Vardy School Community is located along Vardy Blackwater Road about 5 mi east of the road&#39;s junction with TN-63.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the early 19th century, the early Melungeon settler Vardeman "Vardy" Collins (1764&ndash;?) received a grant for a large plot of land in the Newmans Ridge area. It included the land on which the Vardy school and church are now located. In subsequent decades, his descendants developed his namesake community along Blackwater Creek. In 1834, the Tennessee Constitutional Convention restricted the rights of free people of color, including Melungeons, depriving them of the right to vote, which they had had since the state was established in 1796. They were also forbidden attending public schools, of which there were few in rural areas. This disfranchisement was similar to restrictions passed in Virginia and other southern states following Nat Turners Rebellion in 1831. Such racial discrimination contributed to the Melungeons of Newman&#39;s Ridge maintaining a closed, endogamous community.</p><br>
<p>Presbyterians were active in Vardy by the late 19th century, when itinerant Presbyterian ministers Christopher Humble and H. P. Cory were conducting sporadic services in the Blackwater Valley. In 1892, the Presbyterian Churchs Holston Presbytery decided to establish a mission school at Vardy, and the Presbyterian Womens Board of Missions appointed Annie Miller and Maggie Axtell as missionaries to the community. Batey Collins (a grandson of Vardeman) and his wife Cynthia donated several acres of land for the mission school and church, and other locals donated lumber and helped with construction. The Vardy Mission School, which initially held classes in a crude log structure (no longer standing), was the first to offer the state-mandated 1st-grade through 8th-grade curriculum to children living in the valley. The Vardy Presbyterian Church was completed in 1899, and a new frame schoolhouse was completed in 1902.</p><br>
<p>In 1910, Mary Rankin, a Scottish missionary and Columbia graduate, arrived in Vardy. For more than three decades, she served as a teacher and nurse. Rankin taught prenatal and postnatal childcare to local mothers and fought malnutrition in the valley. Between 1920 and 1952, the Vardy mission thrived under the leadership of Chester F. Leonard and his wife, Josephine. A new three-story schoolhouse, powered by a Delco generator, was completed in 1929. Upon completion of the new schoolhouse, the Vardy Mission School became known as the Vardy Community School. A series of interim ministers succeeded Leonard.</p><br>
<p>Following the United States Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education (1954), ruling that segregated schools were unconstitutional, the Presbyterian Church sold the Vardy school to Hancock County in 1955 and it became part of the public school system. Classes continued at the school until 1973, and services continued at the Vardy Presbyterian Church until 1980.</p><br>
<p>By 1984, when the Vardy school, church, and ancillary structures were added to the National Register of Historic Places, Vardy had just eight residents. With a $10,000 grant from the Tennessee Humanities Council, the Vardy Community Historical Society began restoring the Vardy Community Schools surviving structures. In 2000, the group restored the Mahala Mullins Cabin and moved it from atop Newmans Ridge to Vardy Blackwater Road, opposite the church.</p><br>
<h2>Historic structures</h2><br>
<h3>Vardy School Community Historic District</h3><br>
<p>The Vardy School Community Historic District consists of eight contributing structures and several ancillary structures. The structures all have vernacular designs, although the school and some residences have bungalow influences, and the church&#39;s bell tower has Gothic influences. Contributing structures include:</p><br>
<p>Vardy Community School, a three-story structure built in 1929 and designed by William H. Leonard (father of Chester F. Leonard). The building originally consisted of a frame structure with a gambrel cross-gable roof and corrugated metal siding. The buildings 96 windows allowed ample sunlight to enter during cooler months and allowed cross-breezes to cool classrooms during the warmer months. The building collapsed in October 2003, and only the first-story south wall and part of the first-story floor remain intact. The school has five ancillary structures: a frame garage, a limestone storehouse, a limestone bath house, a limestone water storage tank, and a frame teachers cottage.</p><br>
<p>Vardy Presbyterian Church, a one-story structure built in 1899 by Morgan Osborne and Miles Watson of nearby Blackwater, Virginia. The church has white frame walls, a pitched tin roof, and a two-story side-gabled roof bell tower. The entrance to the church is via double-leaf door at the base of the bell tower. The church has pointed arch windows on its sides and a tripartite pointed-arch tracery window on its front facade. Heavy swinging double-doors divide the vestibule and sanctuary.</p><br>
<p>The Chester F. Leonard Manse, a one-story frame structure built in 1921. This building is a prefabricated structure ordered from an Iowa company, and consists of weatherboard siding and a side-gable roof.</p><br>
<p>The Clinic, a one-story structure consisting of two rooms with an exterior door for each room on the west side, built over a rock cellar circa 1923. Located behind the manse, it has corrugated metal siding with four windows spanning the front wall and two windows on the back side.</p><br>
<p>The general store, a one-story frame structure built in 1937.</p><br>
<p>The second Vardy Mission School, a -story frame structure built in 1902. This building has clapboard siding, a pitched gable roof, and a covered porch. The building replaced a crude log structure that had served as the mission&#39;s "first" schoolhouse for nearly a decade. After the completion of the Vardy Community School in 1929, this structure was converted into a residence.</p><br>
<p>A -story house built in 1920. The house is a frame structure with side-gabled roof and a covered front porch.</p><br>
<p>A one-story house built in 1934. The house is a frame structure with a gable roof and covered porch. The house has two contributing ancillary structures&mdash; a two-door limestone-wall garage and a small frame storage shed.</p><br>
<h3>Mahala Mullins Cabin</h3><br>
<p>The Mahala Mullins Cabin was the residence of Mahala Mullins (1824&ndash;1898), a legendary Melungeon moonshiner. Afflicted with elephantiasis, Mullins was extremely heavy, which led to local exaggerations about her size. Revenue agents were aware of Mullins&#39; moonshining activities, and often destroyed her stills, but due to her size, they were unable to arrest her.</p><br>
<p>The cabin is a two-story "dogtrot" cabin constructed of hewn poplar logs with dovetail notching. Massive chimneys of native stone were built at both ends of the cabin. The dogtrot was filled in to make extra room in the 1920s, but has been restored to its original state. The cabin was originally located on the slopes of Newman&#39;s Ridge on the property of Dan and Chris Williams. The Williamses donated the cabin to the Vardy Community Historical Society, and the cabin was relocated and restored in 2000.</p><br>
<p>West Stockholm Historic District is a national historic district located in Stockholm, New York. The district includes 27 contributing buildings and three contributing sites. The district encompasses the archaeological sites of mills and small factories as well as the cluster of extant residences, shops, and public buildings which comprises the village center. The buildings were built between 1815 and about 1900.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>New York Central Railroad Adirondack Division Historic District is a national historic district located in Essex, Franklin, Hamilton, Herkimer, Oneida, and St. Lawrence County, New York. The district includes 23 contributing buildings and 18 contributing structures. It encompasses the former Mohawk and Malone Railway that eventually became the Adirondack Division of the New York Central Railroad in 1913.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>Herring–Cole Hall is a historic institutional building located at St. Lawrence University in Canton, St. Lawrence County, New York. It is a -story structure built of Potsdam sandstone. It was built in two stages and its T-shaped plan is due to the attachment of the Cole Reading Room  at a right angle to the Herring Library . It is located within the St. Lawrence University – Old Campus Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Popular campus lore maintains that the building is haunted by one or more spirits or ghosts. The building plays host to the occasional séance for this reason, and is a favorite location for local meditation circles, though this stems from its acoustics, lighting, age, atmosphere, and isolation.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>Richardson Hall, also known as College Building and Main Hall, is a historic institutional building at St. Lawrence University, Canton, in St. Lawrence County, New York. It is a three-story rectangular brick structure built on a high sandstone foundation. When constructed in 1855–1856, it housed the dining room, chapel, classrooms, and dormitory space. It was renovated in 1906 and 1962. It is located within the St. Lawrence University-Old Campus Historic District.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The Old Campus Historic District is a national historic district on the campus of St. Lawrence University in Canton, New York, United States. The district includes eight contributing buildings and two contributing objects. It encompasses the structures built before 1930 and includes Beta Theta Pi Temple , Gunnison Memorial Chapel , Carnegie Hall , Hepburn Hall , Sykes Residence for Men , Memorial Hall , Piskor Hall , Payson Hall , and Dean-Eaton Residence Hall . Also in the district are the separately listed Richardson Hall  and Herring-Cole Hall .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983 as St. Lawrence University – Old Campus Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Bayside Cemetery and Gatehouse Complex is a historic cemetery and gatehouse located at Potsdam in St. Lawrence County, New York. The cemetery was established in 1865 and the gatehouse complex constructed in 1901. The gatehouse complex is a Châteauesque style, Late Victorian red Potsdam ashlar sandstone building. It includes a receiving room for the deceased and mourners, quarters for the cemetery custodial family, and a bell tower. The cemetery includes a number of notable structures and objects including the Clarkson mausoleum , Morgan family obelisk, and Soldiers Monument .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
